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Data integration and regional cooperation are emphasized in the Chinese OSINT strategy. In 2023, it accounted for 25% of the global intelligence market. Through government-led and corporate collaboration, data processing was enhanced by 30%, especially in further improving international intelligence sharing and security monitoring under the Belt and Road Initiative.
Differences Between Chinese and American OSINT
China has developed its own way of doing OSINT, which is different from that of the United States. When it comes to data gathering, for instance, the United States depends on a very large network of private companies that collect and analyze information around the world, while China depends on the government-led integration of resources and is improving collection efficiency by taking advantage of public-private cooperation.
The US OSINT strategy focuses on technological innovation, with extensive applications of AI and machine learning in the automation of intelligence analysis and the ability to process global data. China’s introduction of customized systems meets specific needs in this area; the utilization rate exceeds 40% in areas such as social governance and counterterrorism. This “demand-oriented” approach not only promotes data use but also strengthens the role of data analysis in policy implementation.
The U.S. is used to setting up general mechanisms for intelligence sharing with its allies, such as the “Five Eyes” that share data around the world, covering 80% of open-source intelligence content. In contrast, China focuses more on internal integration, with much attention to the security and reliability of data for national interests. China processes 80% of its intelligence content domestically; information protection is thus an important part of its OSINT strategy.
The OSINT budget investment by the U.S. is huge, with over $10 billion expended every year in order to extend network intelligence and satellite data coverage. In sharp contrast, China pays special attention to the cost-effectiveness of OSINT, realizing high-efficiency intelligence gathering through proper budget allocation. In terms of strategic focus, U.S. While OSINT focuses on acquiring a global presence and increasing its influence by way of open information markets, China deals more with intelligence work in its own home and immediate regions for economic and social stability.
Difference between Chinese and European Intelligence
Policy orientation and security needs are the essential reasons for the gap between China and Europe. The emphasis of OSINT information integration in China is on centralized management, mainly with the allocation of resources by the central government in coordination with the local departments. This model raises the efficiency of data processing by about 20% on average. In Europe, the intelligence work is relatively dispersed: EU member states’ OSINT often adheres to the respective national security policies, which results in slower data sharing and overall low efficiency.
The European countries rely on open internet resources and NGOs to source intelligence information; in 2022, more than 70% of European OSINT intelligence relied on open networks and media reports. On the contrary, it relies not only on internet resources but also on co-operating with local companies-in particular, big tech companies like Baidu and Tencent on data collection issues-which increases the data coverage of China to 85%, hence effectively supporting government security management and economic monitoring.
The OSINT expenditure of the EU reached approximately 1.2 billion euros in 2021 budgetary terms. In addition, each member state independently allocates its own budget. While this multi-centered model is very well financed, it is resource-intensive in terms of integration. China, for its part, adopts the centralized method of budgeting. In total, the Chinese OSINT budget reached around 40 billion yuan in 2023. Though on a smaller scale than in the EU, the rate of using the budget in China is higher. This ensures practical use and the accuracy of data.
International intelligence collaboration is based on cross-national intelligence-sharing mechanisms in Europe. For example, the EU-NATO joint intelligence platform encompasses more than 40 countries. In turn, China develops its regional intelligence networks, establishing highly close cooperative relationships, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. The European OSINT places a strong emphasis on human rights and privacy protection and has put strict legal limitations on data gathering. In contrast, national security is prioritized for China, where more than 90% of data coverage in key security areas has been achieved.
China’s International Role in OSINT
Since the introduction of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China’s investment in OSINT resources has been heavy, with relevant intelligence extended to more than 60 countries around the world. It not only supports the improvement of security monitoring for infrastructures along the routes but also shares data to help local economic developments. The OSINT strategy of China in the Asia-Pacific area embraces only non-traditional security threats, such as cyber-attacks and economic crimes. Annual investment in such projects has grown by 15% since 2021, while the Chinese government has used precise data analysis to cope with regional risks.
In 2020, during its intelligence cooperation with global partners, China’s OSINT platform supported counterterrorism and intelligence sharing with multiple countries in the Middle East and Africa, effectively reducing local terrorism incidents. Compared to traditional military intervention, this is much cheaper.
What makes China unique in OSINT is its varied sources of information. With cooperation from domestic tech giants Alibaba and Huawei, the OSINT platform of China gets huge real-time data and technical support. It makes information processing 30% faster compared to Western countries, especially conspicuous in such cases when it responds to natural disasters and emergencies in a timely manner.
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